Download E-books A History of Mathematical Notations (Dover Books on Mathematics) PDF

By Florian Cajori

This vintage learn notes the 1st visual appeal of a mathematical image and its beginning, the contest it encountered, its unfold between writers in several international locations, its upward thrust to recognition, its eventual decline or final survival. The author's insurance of out of date notations — and what we will examine from them — is as finished as these that have survived and nonetheless take pleasure in desire. initially released in 1929 in a two-volume variation, this enormous paintings is gifted right here in a single volume.

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V. Hilprecht Anniversary quantity (Chicago, 1909), p. 128, 133. four “On the Assyrian Mythology,” Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. “Polite Literature,” Vol. XXII, half 6 (Dublin, 1855), p. 406, 407. five George Smith, North British assessment (July, 1870), p. 332 n. ; J. Oppert, magazine asiatique (August–September, 1872; October–November, 1874); J. Oppert, Étalon des mesures assyr. repairé par les textes cunéiformes (Paris, 1874); Sir H. Rawlinson and G. Smith, “The Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia,” Vol. IV: a range from the Miscellaneous Inscriptions of Assyria (London, 1875), Plate forty; R. Lepsius, “Die Babylonisch-Assyrischen Längenmaasse nach der Tafel von Senkereh,” Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (aus dem Jahre 1877 [Berlin, 1878], Philosophisch-historische Klasse), p. 105–44. 6 The Babylonian excursion of the college of Pennsylvania. sequence A: “Cuneiform Texts,” Vol. XX, half 1. Mathematical, Metrological and Chronological drugs from the Temple Library of Nippur (Philadelphia, 1906), Plate 15, No. 25. 7 See François Thureau-Dangin, Recherches sur l’origine de l’écriture cunéiforme (Paris, 1898), Nos. 485–91, 509–13. See additionally G. A. Barton, Haverford collage Library selection of Cuneiform drugs, half I (Philadelphia, 1905), the place the kinds are a little bit assorted; additionally the Hilprecht Anniversary quantity (Chicago, 1909), p. 128 ff. eight G. A. Barton, op. cit. , Plate three, obverse nine Franz Xaver Kugler, S. J. , Die babylonische Mondrechnung (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1900). Plate IV, No. ninety nine (81–7–6), reduce half. 10 Symbols for such fractions are reproduced additionally by way of Thureau-Dangin, op. cit. , Nos. 481–84, 492–508, and by way of G. A. Barton, Haverford university Library selection of Cuneiform capsules, half I (Philadelphia, 1905). eleven “A Mathematical Cuneiform Tablet,” American magazine of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. XXXVI (1920), p. 249–57. 12 Orientalische Literaturzeitung (ed. Peise, 1916), Vol. XIX, p. 363–68. See additionally Bruno Meissner, Babylonien und Assyrien (Heidelberg, 1925), Vol. eleven, p. 393. thirteen Hilprecht. op. cit. , p. 23; Arno Poebel, Grundzüge der sumerischen Grammatik (Rostock, 1923), p. one hundred fifteen; B. Meissner, op. cit. , p. 387–89. 14 Kurt Sethe, Von Zahlen und Zahlworten bei den alten Ägyptern (Strassburg, 1916), p. 24–29. 15 J. E. Quibell and F. W. eco-friendly, Hierakonopolis (London, 1900–1902), half I, Plate 26B, who describe the victory monument of King Ncr-mr; the variety of prisoners taken is given as 120,000, whereas 400,000 head of farm animals and 1,422,000 goats have been captured. sixteen The evolution of the hieratic writing from the hieroglyphic is defined in G. Möller, Hieratische Paläographie, Vol. I, Nos. 614 ff. The demotic writing is defined via F. L. Griffith, Catalogue of the Demotic Papyri within the John Rylands Library (Manchester, 1909), Vol. III, p. 415 ff. , and by means of H. Brugsch, Grammaire démotique, �§ 131 ff. 17 Sethe, op. cit. , p. eleven, 12. 18 Ibid. , p. eight. 19 Ibid. , p. 92–97, supplies targeted info at the kinds representing . The Egyptian process for decomposing a quotient into unit fractions is defined by way of V.

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