By Ching H. Yew, Xiaowei Weng
Revised to incorporate present elements thought of for today’s unconventional and multi-fracture grids, Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracturing, moment Edition explains essentially the most vital positive aspects for fracture layout — the facility to foretell the geometry and features of the hydraulically triggered fracture. With two-thirds of the world’s oil and ordinary fuel reserves devoted to unconventional assets, hydraulic fracturing is the simplest confirmed good stimulation solution to extract those assets from their extra distant and intricate reservoirs. besides the fact that, few hydraulic fracture versions can appropriately simulate extra advanced fractures. Engineers and good designers needs to comprehend the underlying mechanics of the way fractures are modeled in an effort to thoroughly are expecting and forecast a extra complex fracture community.
Updated to house today’s fracturing jobs, Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracturing, moment Edition allows the engineer to:
- Understand complicated fracture networks to maximise of completion strategies
- Recognize and compute pressure shadow, which could vastly have an effect on fracture community patterns
- Optimize completions via correctly modeling and extra appropriately predicting for today’s hydraulic fracturing completions
- Discusses the underlying mechanics of making a fracture from the wellbore
- Enhanced to incorporate more recent modeling parts equivalent to rigidity shadow and interplay of hydraulic fracture with a usual fracture, which aids in additional complicated fracture networks
- Updated experimental reviews that follow to today’s unconventional fracturing cases
Read or Download Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracturing PDF
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Extra resources for Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracturing
001823, and nil. 003432 ft/min1/2, respectively as indexed in desk 1-1. those leakoff coefficients are utilized in the subsequent experiences. utilizing the cloth parameters indexed in desk 1-1, the calculated time heritage of fracture starting width, and internet wellbore strain at diverse values of leakoff coefficient are plotted in Figs. 1-9 and 1-10, respectively. In those figures, the label of Fracturing of a wellbore and 2nd fracture types 19 “poroelastic” and “no poroelastic” signify suggestions that come with poroelastic influence and options that forget about the poroelastic impact. the variation among the “poroelastic” resolution and “no poroelastic” answer displays the direct impact of backstress and backpressure at the propagation of a hydraulic fracture in a fluid-filled porous medium. word additionally that the “no poroelastic” resolution is largely a KGD answer. In view of those figures, the subsequent remark may be made: 1. The value of leakoff coefficient raises with the distinction among the fluid strain and pore strain. 2. determine 1-9 exhibits that the impression of rock poroelasticity on hydraulic fracture is a reduce within the fracture beginning width. it really is attention-grabbing to notice, besides the fact that, that the volume of width lessen doesn't seem to be very delicate to the leakoff expense. This phenomenon has additionally been saw through Detournay et al. [22] utilizing a PKN version. The reduce of the fracture beginning width it sounds as if means that the flow-induced backstress raises the plain beginning stiffness of the fracture. three. the internet wellbore strain background at various leakoff premiums is plotted in Fig. 1-10. it really is visible that the influence of rock poroelasticity is a rise within the internet wellbore strain. At a small leakoff price, the influence is small. even though, at a wide leakoff expense, the rock poroelasticity has an important influence at the wellbore strain. it really is proven that at cℓ ¼ zero. 003432 ft/min1/2, the rock poroelasticity supplies approximately eighty% bring up of the web wellbore strain. a similar statement has additionally been stated by means of Clifton and Wang [25] utilizing an assumed fluid leakoff fee. within the prior part, Shlyapobersky [18] attributed the saw excessive internet wellbore strain to the life of a layer of small cracks close to the most fracture and tortuosity of the fracture floor. The research during this part demonstrates that, if the speed of fluid leakoff is huge, the impression of rock poroelasticity is usually a contributor to the saw excessive wellbore strain. based upon the valuables of fluid, a filtercake (mud cake) zero. 14 Borehole fracture establishing width (in. ) zero. 12 cl = zero. 00002425 cl = zero. 001823 zero. 10 zero. 08 cl = zero. 003432 zero. 06 zero. 04 zero. 02 zero. 00 zero. zero Poroelastic No poroelastic zero. 2 zero. four zero. 6 zero. eight Pumping time (min). determine 1-9 background of fracture commencing width. 1. zero 1. 2 20 Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracturing 250 web borehole strain (psi) Poroelastic No poroelastic 2 hundred one hundred fifty cl = zero. 003432 a hundred cl = zero. 001823 50 cl = zero. 00002425 zero zero. zero zero. 2 zero. four zero. 6 zero. eight 1. zero zero. 2 Pumping time (min) determine 1-10 background of web wellbore strain.