By Phil Edwards
Publish yr note: First released in 2009
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In the mid-1970s, a wave of contentious radicalism swept via Italy. teams and activities resembling "Proletarian youth," "metropolitan Indian" and "the sector of Autonomy" practiced new kinds of activism, confrontational and sometimes violent. artistic and brutal, intransigent and playful, the routine flourished in short prior to being suppressed via heavy policing and political exclusion.
This is the 1st full-length examine in English of those routine. construction on Sidney Tarrow’s "cycle of contention" version and drawing on quite a lot of Italian fabrics, Phil Edwards tells the tale of a distinct and interesting crew of political hobbies, and in their disastrous engagement with the mainstream Left. in addition to laying off mild on a overlooked interval of 20th century heritage, this e-book bargains classes for realizing today’s contentious routine ("No Global," "Black Bloc") and today’s "armed struggle" groups.
This publication may be of serious curiosity to students within the fields of Italian politics and society; the sociology of social pursuits; and terrorism and political violence.
Read Online or Download "More Work! Less Pay!": Rebellion and Repression in Italy, 1972-77 PDF
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Extra resources for "More Work! Less Pay!": Rebellion and Repression in Italy, 1972-77
Conducted through squaddist teams’ (Anon. 1977c),69 a Radio Alice contributor claimed that: ‘today’s . . . was once an illustration which all people selected to make violent, with no need a servizio d’ordine . . . all of the comrades participated in the entire activities which came about this day’ (quoted in Balestrini and Moroni 1997: 549). 70 the next day’s march in Rome, with well-organised servizi d’ordine back to the fore, ended in common clashes with the police, with firearms used on either side. A march in Milan at the related day resulted in dissension, with a few autonomists advocating an open (and suicidal) attack at the police headquarters, which was once surrounded by way of seriously armed carabinieri. a bunch linked to the CPO proposed an alternate goal, the Assolombarda employers’ organization; empty and unguarded, the Assolombarda development used to be attacked with Molotovs and pistol hearth. a similar day in Bologna, the police closed down Radio Alice, arresting 5 individuals of employees on fees of ‘complicity in legal association’; Berardi himself used to be now not current, yet a warrant for his arrest on fees of ‘subversive organization’ and ‘incitement to crime’ used to be issued on 19 March (Del Bello 1997: 317−18). On thirteen March the carabinieri cleared the occupied college of Bologna, coming into the traditional urban centre at sunrise in armoured automobiles. using armoured automobiles opposed to the circulation used to be irritating; all of the extra so provided that, just like the suppression of the demonstration at l. a. Scala, it was once counseled via a Communist-dominated neighborhood authority. On sixteen March the PCI staged a 200,000-strong demonstration in Bologna ‘against violence’; a counter-demonstration attracted 15,000. a similar day, Rome college was once cleared of its occupiers and reopened. On 21 April 4 colleges of Rome collage have been occupied, then evacuated through the police. The police operation sparked off operating battles within the streets round the college. That afternoon, a gaggle of scholars who were charged by means of a police patrol opened fireplace; one policeman, Settimio Passamonti, used to be shot useless (Del Bello 1997: 323). With the political area on hand to the circulate vanishing, it was once changing into most unlikely for the stream even to take advantage of violence in collective, and most likely negotiable, phrases; for the CPO, the Assolombarda assault was once the final aspect whilst violence used to be subordinated to the movement’s political common sense (Balestrini and Moroni 1997: 571). Following the killing, public conferences have been banned in Rome till the tip of may possibly; the ban incorporated Italy’s maximum nationwide civic pageant, the 25 April commemoration of Liberation. Promising to reply to violent illness through all capability invaluable, Cossiga echoed Pasolini’s populist assault on middle-class scholars: ‘From now on, we won’t have the sons of Southern peasants being killed by means of the sons of the Roman bourgeoisie’ (Del Bello 1997: 323). seventy one c04. indd ninety two 6/23/2009 2:42:45 PM From Feltrinelli to Moro ninety three Violence and repression a countrywide assembly of the flow, held in Bologna on the finish of April, used to be divided among positions.